Cancer

Overview

Cancer refers to any one of a large number of diseases characterized by the development of abnormal cells that divide uncontrollably and have the ability to infiltrate and destroy normal body tissue. Cancer often has the ability to spread throughout your body.

Cancer is the second-leading cause of death in the world. But survival rates are improving for many types of cancer, thanks to improvements in cancer screening and cancer treatment.

Symptoms

Signs and symptoms caused by cancer will vary depending on what part of the body is affected.

Some general signs and symptoms associated with, but not specific to, cancer, include:

  • Fatigue
  • Lump or area of thickening that can be felt under the skin
  • Weight changes, including unintended loss or gain
  • Skin changes, such as yellowing, darkening or redness of the skin, sores that won’t heal, or changes to existing moles
  • Changes in bowel or bladder habits
  • Persistent cough or trouble breathing
  • Difficulty swallowing
  • Hoarseness
  • Persistent indigestion or discomfort after eating
  • Persistent, unexplained muscle or joint pain
  • Persistent, unexplained fevers or night sweats
  • Unexplained bleeding or bruising

Complications

Cancer and its treatment can cause several complications, including:

  • Pain
  • Fatigue
  • Difficulty breathing
  • Nausea
  • Diarrhea or constipation
  • Weight loss
  • Chemical changes in your body
  • Brain and nervous system problems
  • Unusual immune system reactions to cancer
  • Cancer that spreads
  • Cancer that returns

Risk Factor

Factors known to increase your risk of cancer include:

  • Age
  • Habits
  • Family history
  • Health condition
  • Environment